A laboratory study on groundwater quality and mass movement occurrence     

Jen-Chen Fan  Che-Hsin Liu  Chih-Hsiang Yang  Hsiao-Yu Huang 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1509-1519

In this study, soil samples collected from the sides of two streams with high debris flow potential at Shenmu and Fengchiou village in Nantou County, Taiwan, were used for seepage tank tests in the laboratory. While the tests were being conducted, observations were made to investigate the relationships among displacement of the slope, quality of the seepage water and occurrence of mass movement. The results showed that according to the change rate, displacement could be divided into two stages, namely, the initial failure displacement stage and primary failure displacement stage. While the displacement of the slope was in primary failure displacement stages, the probability of slope failure became much higher. Before general slope failure, electrical conductivity (EC) and sulfate ion (SO₄ ²⁻) concentration of the seepage water increased significantly. The time when EC of the seepage water started to increase rapidly was much earlier than that when displacement of the slope started to increase significantly. Therefore, from the hazard mitigation view, there will be a longer time for response if EC of the seepage water was monitored.  相似文献   

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区奥陶系的岩石特征和构造意义   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

黄永卫  刘扬  王喜臣  王琳  刘金英  杨继全  王宝权  徐秀梅 《地质科学》2009,44(1):245-256

黑龙江北部多宝山矿区广泛发育奥陶系,因含有铜、钼矿源层而受到地质界的注意.本文概述了其生物地层和沉积特征,重点探讨了其火山岩的岩石化学特征.该套火山岩总体上属钙碱性系列,部分（主要是酸性岩）可能属拉斑玄武岩系.下旋回（窝里河组）火山岩以相对低K、La和Eu负异常为特征,总体属大陆边缘岛弧,局部显示出大洋岛弧安山岩的性质.上旋回（多宝山组）的弧则属大陆边缘岛弧与安第斯型山弧的过渡类型,部分地区可能有安第斯型山弧发育.分5个阶段重塑了该区奥陶纪大地构造演化,早古代洋壳向东偏北消减于布列亚一佳木斯地块之下,因后退式的消减而火山弧向西偏南迁移,构造线方向为北北西向.  相似文献   

大庆油田勘探50年：陆相生油理论的伟大实践   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

冯志强  冯子辉  黄薇  梁江平  乔卫  赵波 《地质科学》2009,44(2):349-364

文章系统分析了陆相生油理论和大庆油田的勘探实践,总结了大庆油田的勘探历程并划分为三大阶段：构造油藏勘探阶段,岩性油藏勘探的探索阶段,岩性油藏勘探大发展阶段。详细阐述了“十五”以来,大庆油田依靠创新理论与技术,丰富完善了大型陆相坳陷盆地岩性油藏勘探理论与配套技术,深层火山岩气藏勘探理论与配套技术,复杂断陷盆地油气勘探理论与配套技术,从而带来了松辽盆地北部中一浅层、深层和海拉尔盆地油气勘探的大发展,大庆油田再次进入油气储量增长高峰期。在详细分析大庆探区的勘探实际和资源潜力的基础上,提出了“百年油田”勘探的工作思路,通过扎实推进科学勘探,努力为油田可持续发展提供有力资源保障的勘探战略。  相似文献   

Holocene environmental change inferred from the loess–palaeosol sequences adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, China     

Chun Chang Huang  Jiangli Pang  Hongxia Su  Shengli Li  Benwei Ge 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(25-26):2633-2646

Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO₃ and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems.  相似文献   

四川的地热水资源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

梁云甫  黄世英  张允明 《四川地质学报》1997,(2)

四川的地热水资源丰富，大多数热水出露于构造断裂带和洒谷地区，主要储集在三叠纪地层中的碳酸盐岩里。根据温（热）泉的分布状况、热水的类型和物理化学特征，对地热田进行了预测分区。  相似文献   

基于SSA-Adam-BP神经网络模型的堰塞坝稳定性预测     

宋宜祥  张晓波  黄达 《地质科技情报》2022,41(2):130-138

现有的堰塞坝稳定性预测模型多为线性模型,无法充分考虑堰塞坝稳定性与其形态特征和水域条件之间的复杂非线性关系.鉴于此,结合反向传播神经网络模型和樽海鞘优化算法,提出了一种新型的堰塞坝稳定性预测模型SSA-Adam-BP.该模型通过网格搜索法选取确定模型结构的最佳超参数组合,进而利用交叉验证和绘制ROC曲线的方式分别对采用...  相似文献   

Late Triassic granites from the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,the Dahongliutan example: petrogenesis and tectonic implications for the evolution of the Kangxiwa Palaeo-Tethys   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Qichao Zhang  Zhenhan Wu  He Huang  Kan Li  Qing Zhou 《International Geology Review》2019,61(2):175-194

The Dahongliutan granitic pluton consists of two-mica granites and is located in the eastern part of the Western Kunlun Orogen, northwestern Tibetan Plateau. Zircon separates from the pluton yield a SIMS U–Pb age of 217.5 ± 2.8 Ma. Rocks from the pluton contain relatively high and uniform SiO₂ (72.32–73.48 wt%) and total alkalis (Na₂O + K₂O = 8.07–8.67 wt%) and are peraluminous and high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in composition. The Dahongliutan granites are relatively depleted in the high-field-strength elements and the heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) and have relatively high Rb, and low Ba and Sr concentrations. They contain low total rare earth element (REE) concentrations. The light REEs are strongly enriched relative to the HREEs, with (La/Yb)_N values of 28.56–37.01. The ε_Nd(t) values range from ?10.6 to ?8.8, and (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0.7142–0.7210. Zircons from the pluton yield ε_Hf(t) values of ?13.8 to ?1.6, and δ¹⁸O = 10.5–11.6‰. Petrographic and geochemical features of the pluton indicate that the granites are S-type and were derived from parting melting of a mixture of metasedimentary and minor metaigneous sources in the middle–lower crust. Magmatic differentiation was dominated by the fractional crystallization of plagioclase, K-feldspar, muscovite, biotite, and accessory monazite, allanite, and Fe–Ti oxides. Regional granitoids were emplaced in the Early-to-Middle Triassic. Other younger granitoids, with ages of 240–200 Ma, are mostly I-type in character and were likely derived from multiple types of source rock, suggesting the source was heterogeneous Triassic crust. Such a scenario is consistent with their formation in a post-collisional setting. Our new data, combined with other geological evidence, suggest that the collision between the Tianshuihai and southern Kunlun terranes occurred between ca. 250 and 240 Ma, resulting in the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys. Post-collisional tectono-magmatic events may have occurred between 240 and 200 Ma.  相似文献   

安徽池州许桥—乌古墩铅锌矿石榴子石和锆石U-Pb定年   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨超  闫峻  李全忠  王思诺  黄志忠  宋世明  张晓东 《地质科学》2019,54(3):929-952

石榴子石U-Pb定年在限定金属矿床形成时代上具有一定的优越性,而且近年来得到不少成功地应用。作为长江中下游的重要组成部分,池州地区燕山期岩浆活动强烈,伴随有成矿作用。然而,由于矿体赋存于沉积围岩中,区内的铅锌矿化时代目前还很模糊。本次对许桥—乌谷墩铅锌矿中多条岩脉及石榴子石进行多种矿物原位U-Pb定年。乌谷墩矿区内见有两种岩性的岩脉,其一为闪长玢岩,与铜、钼矿化关系密切,锆石U-Pb定年结果为146～141 Ma;另一为细粒花岗岩,与钼矿化关系密切,锆石U-Pb定年结果为113.4±2 Ma。矽卡岩中石榴子石U-Pb定年结果为148～143 Ma,形成时代与闪长玢岩脉一致。根据现有数据,池州地区存在3个阶段的成岩成矿作用：第一阶段（150～135 Ma）,主要形成中酸性侵入岩和与之相关的铜、金、钼、铅、锌等矿床;第二阶段（134～124 Ma）,形成钾长花岗岩和相关的铅锌钼矿化;第三阶段（115～110 Ma）,岩浆活动接近尾声,主要发育花岗岩脉,并伴随弱的钼矿化。结合区域成矿规律,池州地区的成矿作用不完全与长江中下游地区相同,且池州区内的多期Mo （W）矿化可能与中-新元古代增生地壳多阶段活化有关。  相似文献   

浙东地区晚中生代火山岩地球化学特征、岩石成因及构造环境   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

廖圣兵  陈荣  褚平利  曾剑威  张彦杰  王存智  黄文成 《地质科学》2019,54(2):504-528

中国东部中生代发生的大规模岩浆活动是地学界长期以来关注的课题之一。本文通过对浙东地区晚中生代火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学、主量、稀土及微量元素地球化学的研究,讨论其岩石成因及形成的构造环境。研究表明,大爽组底部火山岩年龄为155.2±1.4 Ma(MSWD=0.83),显示浙东地区晚中生代火山岩的形成时代并不限于白垩纪,火山喷发至少于晚侏罗世就已经开始;岩石总体属高钾钙碱性系列,少量属钾玄岩系列;基性岩石、中性岩石与中酸性(酸性)岩之间不具有同源演化关系,基性岩石来源于富集地幔,并受到了不同程度的地壳混染,中性岩石可能来源于先存于下地壳深部的新元古代岛弧岩石,中酸性(酸性)岩石来源于地壳,中酸性岩浆与酸性岩浆之间存在演化关系;岩石总体形成于地壳幕式减薄环境,而其弧岩浆岩特征主要反映源岩属性。  相似文献   

Characteristics and circulation background of extreme precipitation over East China     

Chen  Shiling  Liu  Bingjun  Tan  Xuezhi  Huang  Zeqin 《Natural Hazards》2019,99(1):537-552

Natural Hazards - Using the observed daily precipitation data across East China, this paper analyzes spatiotemporal changes of annual and seasonal extreme precipitation indices during...  相似文献